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Papal writing «Artificial Intelligence and the Wisdom of the Heart: Towards a Fully Human Communication”

Papal Writing and Summary – AI and the Wisdom of the Heart

ethos Maria pre reading – jp – 040224 summary-

….

 

 

02 2024- JP- ms

 

SUMMARY:

Bascic Question:

How can we remain fully human and guide this cultural transformation to serve a good purpose?

 

A century ago, Romano Guardini reflected on technology and humanity. Guardini urged us not to reject “the new” in an attempt to “preserve a beautiful world condemned to disappear”. At the same time, he prophetically warned that “we are constantly in the process of becoming. We must enter into this process, each in his or her own way, with openness but also with sensitivity to everything that is destructive and inhumane therein”. And he concluded: “These are technical, scientific and political problems, but they cannot be resolved except by starting from our humanity. A new kind of human being must take shape, endowed with a deeper spirituality and new freedom and interiority”.[1]

die Texte von Guardini hierzu: „Die Macht“ und „Das Ende der Neuzeit“.

HEART

the heart is seen as the place of freedom and decision-making. It symbolizes integrity and unity, but it also engages our emotions, desires, dreams; it is, above all, the inward place of our encounter with God.

INFORMATION is not RELATION

Information cannot be separated from living relationships. These involve the body and immersion in the real world; they involve correlating not only data but also human experiences; they require sensitivity to faces and facial expressions, compassion and sharing

machines possess a limitlessly greater capacity than human beings for storing and correlating data, but human beings alone are capable of making sense of that data. It is not simply a matter of making machines appear more human, but of awakening humanity from the slumber induced by the illusion of omnipotence, based on the belief that we are completely autonomous and self-referential subjects, detached from all social bonds and forgetful of our status as creatures

Questions for today and for the future

 

In this regard, a number of questions naturally arise:

 

  1. How do we safeguard professionalism and the dignity of workers in the fields of information and communication, together with that of users throughout the world?
  2. How do we ensure the interoperability of platforms?
  3. How do we enable businesses that develop digital platforms to accept their responsibilities with regard to content and advertising in the same way as editors of traditional communications media?
  4. How do we make more transparent the criteria guiding the operation of algorithms for indexing and de-indexing, and for search engines that are capable of celebrating or canceling persons and opinions, histories and cultures?
  5. How do we guarantee the transparency of information processing?
  6. How do we identify the paternity of writings and the traceability of sources concealed behind the shield of anonymity?
  7. How do we make it clear whether an image or video is portraying an event or simulating it?
  8. How do we prevent sources from being reduced to one alone, thus fostering a single approach, developed on the basis of an algorithm?
  9. How instead do we promote an environment suitable for preserving pluralism and portraying the complexity of reality?
  10. How can we make sustainable a technology so powerful, costly and energy-consuming?
  11. And how can we make it accessible also to developing countries?

 

5. How do we guarantee the transparency of information processing?
6. How do we identify the paternity of writings and the traceability of sources concealed behind the shield of anonymity?
7. How do we make it clear whether an image or video is portraying an event or simulating it?
8. How do we prevent sources from being reduced to one alone, thus fostering a single approach, developed on the basis of an algorithm?
9. How instead do we promote an environment suitable for preserving pluralism and portraying the complexity of reality?
10. How can we make sustainable a technology so powerful, costly and energy-consuming?
11. And how can we make it accessible also to developing countries

 

SHORT

«Artificial Intelligence and the Wisdom of the Heart: Towards a Fully Human CommunicationÓ

Dear brothers and sisters!

The development of systems of artificial intelligence, to which I devoted my recent Message for the World Day of Peace, is radically affecting the world of information and communication, and through it, certain foundations of life in society. These changes affect everyone, not merely professionals in those fields. The rapid spread of astonishing innovations, whose workings and potential are beyond the ability of most of us to understand and appreciate, has proven both exciting and disorienting. This leads inevitably to deeper questions about the nature of human beings, our distinctiveness and the future of the species homo sapiens in the age of artificial intelligence. How can we remain fully human and guide this cultural transformation to serve a good purpose?

Starting with the heart

Before all else, we need to set aside catastrophic predictions and their numbing effects. A century ago, Romano Guardini reflected on technology and humanity. Guardini urged us not to reject Òthe newÓ in an attempt to Òpreserve a beautiful world condemned to disappearÓ. At the same time, he prophetically warned that Òwe are constantly in the process of becoming. We must enter into this process, each in his or her own way, with openness but also with sensitivity to everything that is destructive and inhumane thereinÓ. And he concluded: ÒThese are technical, scientific and political problems, but they cannot be resolved except by starting from our humanity. A new kind of human being must take shape, endowed with a deeper spirituality and new freedom and interiorityÓ.[1]

At this time in history, which risks becoming rich in technology and poor in humanity, our reflections must begin with the human heart.[2] Only by adopting a spiritual way of viewing reality, only by recovering a wisdom of the heart, can we confront and interpret the newness of our time and rediscover the path to a fully human communication. In the Bible, the heart is seen as the place of freedom and decision-making. It symbolizes integrity and unity, but it also engages our emotions, desires, dreams; it is, above all, the inward place of our encounter with God. Wisdom of the heart, then, is the virtue that enables us to integrate the whole and its parts, our decisions and their consequences, our nobility and our vulnerability, our past and our future, our individuality and our membership within a larger community.

This wisdom of the heart lets itself be found by those who seek it and be seen by those who love it; it anticipates those who desire it and it goes in search of those who are worthy of it (cf. Wis 6:12-16). It accompanies those willing to take advice (cf. Prov 13:10), those endowed with a docile and listening heart (cf. 1 Kg 3:9). A gift of the Holy Spirit, it enables us to look at things with GodÕs eyes, to see connections, situations, events and to uncover their real meaning. Without this kind of wisdom, life becomes bland, since it is precisely wisdom Ð whose Latin root ÒsapereÓ is related to the noun sapor Ð that gives ÒsavourÓ to life.

Opportunity and danger

Such wisdom cannot be sought from machines. Although the term Òartificial intelligenceÓ has now supplanted the more correct term, Òmachine learningÓ, used in scientific literature, the very use of the word ÒintelligenceÓ can prove misleading. No doubt, machines possess a limitlessly greater capacity than human beings for storing and correlating data, but human beings alone are capable of making sense of that data. It is not simply a matter of making machines appear more human, but of awakening humanity from the slumber induced by the illusion of omnipotence, based on the belief that we are completely autonomous and self-referential subjects, detached from all social bonds and forgetful of our status as creatures.

Human beings have always realized that they are not self-sufficient and have sought to overcome their vulnerability by employing every means possible. From the earliest prehistoric artifacts, used as extensions of the arms, and then the media, used as an extension of the spoken word, we have now become capable of creating highly sophisticated machines that act as a support for thinking. Each of these instruments, however, can be abused by the primordial temptation to become like God without God (cf. Gen3), that is, to want to grasp by our own effort what should instead be freely received as a gift from God, to be enjoyed in the company of others.

Depending on the inclination of the heart, everything within our reach becomes either an opportunity or a threat. Our very bodies, created for communication and communion, can become a means of aggression. So too, every technical extension of our humanity can be a means of loving service or of hostile domination. Artificial intelligence systems can help to overcome ignorance and facilitate the exchange of information between different peoples and generations. For example, they can render accessible and understandable an enormous patrimony of written knowledge from past ages or enable communication between individuals who do not share a common language. Yet, at the same time, they can be a source of Òcognitive pollutionÓ, a distortion of reality by partially or completely false narratives, believed and broadcast as if they were true. We need but think of the long-standing problem of disinformation in the form of fake news,[3] which today can employ ÒdeepfakesÓ, namely the creation and diffusion of images that appear perfectly plausible but false (I too have been an object of this), or of audio messages that use a personÕs voice to say things which that person never said. The technology of simulation behind these programs can be useful in certain specific fields, but it becomes perverse when it distorts our relationship with others and with reality.

Starting with the first wave of artificial intelligence, that of social media, we have experienced its ambivalence: its possibilities but also its risks and associated pathologies. The second level of generative artificial intelligence unquestionably represents a qualitative leap. It is important therefore to understand, appreciate and regulate instruments that, in the wrong hands could lead to disturbing scenarios. Like every other product of human intelligence and skill, algorithms are not neutral. For this reason, there is a need to act preventively, by proposing models of ethical regulation, to forestall harmful, discriminatory and socially unjust effects of the use of systems of artificial intelligence and to combat their misuse for the purpose of reducing pluralism, polarizing public opinion or creating forms of groupthink. I once more appeal to the international community Òto work together in order to adopt a binding international treaty that regulates the development and use of artificial intelligence in its many formsÓ.[4] At the same time, as in every human context, regulation is, of itself, not sufficient.

 

Growth in humanity

All of us are called to grow together, in humanity and as humanity. We are challenged to make a qualitative leap in order to become a complex, multiethnic, pluralistic, multi-religious and multicultural society. We are called to reflect carefully on the theoretical development and the practical use of these new instruments of communication and knowledge. Their great possibilities for good are accompanied by the risk of turning everything into abstract calculations that reduce individuals to data, thinking to a mechanical process, experience to isolated cases, goodness to profit, and, above all, a denial of the uniqueness of each individual and his or her story. The concreteness of reality dissolves in a flurry of statistical data.

The digital revolution can bring us greater freedom, but not if it imprisons us in models that nowadays are called Òecho chambersÓ. In such cases, rather than increasing a pluralism of information, we risk finding ourselves adrift in a mire of confusion, prey to the interests of the market or of the powers that be. It is unacceptable that the use of artificial intelligence should lead to groupthink, to a gathering of unverified data, to a collective editorial dereliction of duty. The representation of reality in Òbig dataÓ, however useful for the operation of machines, ultimately entails a substantial loss of the truth of things, hindering interpersonal communication and threatening our very humanity. Information cannot be separated from living relationships. These involve the body and immersion in the real world; they involve correlating not only data but also human experiences; they require sensitivity to faces and facial expressions, compassion and sharing.

Here I think of the reporting of wars and the Òparallel warÓ being waged through campaigns of disinformation. I think, too, of all those reporters who have been injured or killed in the line of duty in order to enable us to see what they themselves had seen. For only by such direct contact with the suffering of children, women and men, can we come to appreciate the absurdity of wars.

The use of artificial intelligence can make a positive contribution to the communications sector, provided it does not eliminate the role of journalism on the ground but serves to support it. Provided too that it values the professionalism of communication, making every communicator more aware of his or her responsibilities, and enables all people to be, as they should, discerning participants in the work of communication.

The answers we give to these and other questions will determine if artificial intelligence will end up creating new castes based on access to information and thus giving rise to new forms of exploitation and inequality. Or, if it will lead to greater equality by promoting correct information and a greater awareness of the epochal change that we are experiencing by making it possible to acknowledge the many needs of individuals and of peoples within a well-structured and pluralistic network of information. If, on the one hand, we can glimpse the spectre of a new form of slavery, on the other, we can also envision a means of greater freedom; either the possibility that a select few can condition the thought of others, or that all people can participate in the development of thought.

The answer we give to these questions is not pre-determined; it depends on us. It is up to us to decide whether we will become fodder for algorithms or will nourish our hearts with that freedom without which we cannot grow in wisdom. Such wisdom matures by using time wisely and embracing our vulnerabilities. It grows in the covenant between generations, between those who remember the past and who look ahead to the future. Only together can we increase our capacity for discernment and vigilance and for seeing things in the light of their fulfilment. Lest our humanity lose its bearings, let us seek the wisdom that was present before all things (cf. Sir 1:4): it will help us also to put systems of artificial intelligence at the service of a fully human communication.»

How can we remain fully human and guide this cultural transformation to serve a good purpose?

 

FULL TEXT:

 

MESSAGE OF HIS HOLINESS POPE FRANCIS
FOR THE 58th WORLD DAY OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATIONS

Artificial Intelligence and the Wisdom of the Heart:
Towards a Fully Human Communication

 

Dear brothers and sisters!

The development of systems of artificial intelligence, to which I devoted my recent Message for the World Day of Peace, is radically affecting the world of information and communication, and through it, certain foundations of life in society. These changes affect everyone, not merely professionals in those fields. The rapid spread of astonishing innovations, whose workings and potential are beyond the ability of most of us to understand and appreciate, has proven both exciting and disorienting. This leads inevitably to deeper questions about the nature of human beings, our distinctiveness and the future of the species homo sapiens in the age of artificial intelligence. How can we remain fully human and guide this cultural transformation to serve a good purpose?

Starting with the heart

Before all else, we need to set aside catastrophic predictions and their numbing effects. A century ago, Romano Guardini reflected on technology and humanity. Guardini urged us not to reject “the new” in an attempt to “preserve a beautiful world condemned to disappear”. At the same time, he prophetically warned that “we are constantly in the process of becoming. We must enter into this process, each in his or her own way, with openness but also with sensitivity to everything that is destructive and inhumane therein”. And he concluded: “These are technical, scientific and political problems, but they cannot be resolved except by starting from our humanity. A new kind of human being must take shape, endowed with a deeper spirituality and new freedom and interiority”. [1]

At this time in history, which risks becoming rich in technology and poor in humanity, our reflections must begin with the human heart. [2] Only by adopting a spiritual way of viewing reality, only by recovering a wisdom of the heart, can we confront and interpret the newness of our time and rediscover the path to a fully human communication. In the Bible, the heart is seen as the place of freedom and decision-making. It symbolizes integrity and unity, but it also engages our emotions, desires, dreams; it is, above all, the inward place of our encounter with God. Wisdom of the heart, then, is the virtue that enables us to integrate the whole and its parts, our decisions and their consequences, our nobility and our vulnerability, our past and our future, our individuality and our membership within a larger community.

This wisdom of the heart lets itself be found by those who seek it and be seen by those who love it; it anticipates those who desire it and it goes in search of those who are worthy of it (cf. Wis 6:12-16). It accompanies those willing to take advice (cf. Prov 13:10), those endowed with a docile and listening heart (cf. 1 Kg 3:9). A gift of the Holy Spirit, it enables us to look at things with God’s eyes, to see connections, situations, events and to uncover their real meaning. Without this kind of wisdom, life becomes bland, since it is precisely wisdom – whose Latin root sapere is related to the noun sapor – that gives “savour” to life.

Opportunity and danger

Such wisdom cannot be sought from machines. Although the term “artificial intelligence” has now supplanted the more correct term, “machine learning”, used in scientific literature, the very use of the word “intelligence” can prove misleading. No doubt, machines possess a limitlessly greater capacity than human beings for storing and correlating data, but human beings alone are capable of making sense of that data. It is not simply a matter of making machines appear more human, but of awakening humanity from the slumber induced by the illusion of omnipotence, based on the belief that we are completely autonomous and self-referential subjects, detached from all social bonds and forgetful of our status as creatures.

Human beings have always realized that they are not self-sufficient and have sought to overcome their vulnerability by employing every means possible. From the earliest prehistoric artifacts, used as extensions of the arms, and then the media, used as an extension of the spoken word, we have now become capable of creating highly sophisticated machines that act as a support for thinking. Each of these instruments, however, can be abused by the primordial temptation to become like God without God (cf. Gen 3), that is, to want to grasp by our own effort what should instead be freely received as a gift from God, to be enjoyed in the company of others.

Depending on the inclination of the heart, everything within our reach becomes either an opportunity or a threat. Our very bodies, created for communication and communion, can become a means of aggression. So too, every technical extension of our humanity can be a means of loving service or of hostile domination. Artificial intelligence systems can help to overcome ignorance and facilitate the exchange of information between different peoples and generations. For example, they can render accessible and understandable an enormous patrimony of written knowledge from past ages or enable communication between individuals who do not share a common language. Yet, at the same time, they can be a source of “cognitive pollution”, a distortion of reality by partially or completely false narratives, believed and broadcast as if they were true. We need but think of the long-standing problem of disinformation in the form of fake news, [3] which today can employ “deepfakes”, namely the creation and diffusion of images that appear perfectly plausible but false (I too have been an object of this), or of audio messages that use a person’s voice to say things which that person never said. The technology of simulation behind these programmes can be useful in certain specific fields, but it becomes perverse when it distorts our relationship with others and with reality.

Starting with the first wave of artificial intelligence, that of social media, we have experienced its ambivalence: its possibilities but also its risks and associated pathologies. The second level of generative artificial intelligence unquestionably represents a qualitative leap. It is important therefore to understand, appreciate and regulate instruments that, in the wrong hands could lead to disturbing scenarios. Like every other product of human intelligence and skill, algorithms are not neutral. For this reason, there is a need to act preventively, by proposing models of ethical regulation, to forestall harmful, discriminatory and socially unjust effects of the use of systems of artificial intelligence and to combat their misuse for the purpose of reducing pluralism, polarizing public opinion or creating forms of groupthink. I once more appeal to the international community “to work together in order to adopt a binding international treaty that regulates the development and use of artificial intelligence in its many forms”. [4] At the same time, as in every human context, regulation is, of itself, not sufficient.

Growth in humanity

All of us are called to grow together, in humanity and as humanity. We are challenged to make a qualitative leap in order to become a complex, multiethnic, pluralistic, multireligious and multicultural society. We are called to reflect carefully on the theoretical development and the practical use of these new instruments of communication and knowledge. Their great possibilities for good are accompanied by the risk of turning everything into abstract calculations that reduce individuals to data, thinking to a mechanical process, experience to isolated cases, goodness to profit, and, above all, a denial of the uniqueness of each individual and his or her story. The concreteness of reality dissolves in a flurry of statistical data.

The digital revolution can bring us greater freedom, but not if it imprisons us in models that nowadays are called “echo chambers”. In such cases, rather than increasing a pluralism of information, we risk finding ourselves adrift in a mire of confusion, prey to the interests of the market or of the powers that be. It is unacceptable that the use of artificial intelligence should lead to groupthink, to a gathering of unverified data, to a collective editorial dereliction of duty. The representation of reality in “big data”, however useful for the operation of machines, ultimately entails a substantial loss of the truth of things, hindering interpersonal communication and threatening our very humanity. Information cannot be separated from living relationships. These involve the body and immersion in the real world; they involve correlating not only data but also human experiences; they require sensitivity to faces and facial expressions, compassion and sharing.

Here I think of the reporting of wars and the “parallel war” being waged through campaigns of disinformation. I think too of all those reporters who have been injured or killed in the line of duty in order to enable us to see what they themselves had seen. For only by such direct contact with the suffering of children, women and men, can we come to appreciate the absurdity of wars.

The use of artificial intelligence can make a positive contribution to the communications sector, provided it does not eliminate the role of journalism on the ground but serves to support it. Provided too that it values the professionalism of communication, making every communicator more aware of his or her responsibilities, and enables all people to be, as they should, discerning participants in the work of communication.

Questions for today and for the future

In this regard, a number of questions naturally arise. How do we safeguard professionalism and the dignity of workers in the fields of information and communication, together with that of users throughout the world? How do we ensure the interoperability of platforms? How do we enable businesses that develop digital platforms to accept their responsibilities with regard to content and advertising in the same way as editors of traditional communications media? How do we make more transparent the criteria guiding the operation of algorithms for indexing and de-indexing, and for search engines that are capable of celebrating or canceling persons and opinions, histories and cultures? How do we guarantee the transparency of information processing? How do we identify the paternity of writings and the traceability of sources concealed behind the shield of anonymity? How do we make it clear whether an image or video is portraying an event or simulating it? How do we prevent sources from being reduced to one alone, thus fostering a single approach, developed on the basis of an algorithm? How instead do we promote an environment suitable for preserving pluralism and portraying the complexity of reality? How can we make sustainable a technology so powerful, costly and energy-consuming? And how can we make it accessible also to developing countries?

The answers we give to these and other questions will determine if artificial intelligence will end up creating new castes based on access to information and thus giving rise to new forms of exploitation and inequality. Or, if it will lead to greater equality by promoting correct information and a greater awareness of the epochal change that we are experiencing by making it possible to acknowledge the many needs of individuals and of peoples within a well-structured and pluralistic network of information. If, on the one hand, we can glimpse the spectre of a new form of slavery, on the other, we can also envision a means of greater freedom; either the possibility that a select few can condition the thought of others, or that all people can participate in the development of thought.

The answer we give to these questions is not pre-determined; it depends on us. It is up to us to decide whether we will become fodder for algorithms or will nourish our hearts with that freedom without which we cannot grow in wisdom. Such wisdom matures by using time wisely and embracing our vulnerabilities. It grows in the covenant between generations, between those who remember the past and who look ahead to the future. Only together can we increase our capacity for discernment and vigilance and for seeing things in the light of their fulfilment. Lest our humanity lose its bearings, let us seek the wisdom that was present before all things (cf. Sir 1:4): it will help us also to put systems of artificial intelligence at the service of a fully human communication.

Rome, Saint John Lateran, 24 January 2024

FRANCIS


[1] Letters from Lake Como.

[2] The 2024 Message for the World Day of Social Communications takes up the preceding Messages devoted to encountering persons where and how they are(2021), to hearing with the ear of the heart(2022) and speaking to the heart(2023).

[3] Cf. The Truth Will Make You Free” (Jn 8:32). Fake News and Journalism for Peace, Message for the 2018 World Day of Social Communications.

[4] Message for the 57th World Day of Peace, 1 January 2024, 8.

deutsch- Künstliche Intelligenz und Weisheit des Herzens:
für eine wahrhaft menschliche Kommunikation
Liebe Brüder und Schwestern!
Die Entwicklung von Systemen sogenannter „künstlicher Intelligenz“, über die ich mich bereits in
meiner jüngsten Botschaft zum Weltfriedenstag geäußert habe, verändert die Information und
Kommunikation und damit einige der Grundlagen des zivilen Zusammenlebens in radikaler Weise.
Es handelt sich um einen Wandel, der alle betrifft, nicht nur Fachleute. Die beschleunigte
Verbreitung wunderbarer Erfindungen, deren Funktionsweisen und Potenziale den meisten von
uns verschlossen bleiben, löst ein Erstaunen aus, das zwischen Begeisterung und
Orientierungslosigkeit schwankt und uns unweigerlich mit grundlegenden Fragen konfrontiert: Was
ist der Mensch, was ist seine Besonderheit, und wie sieht die Zukunft unserer Spezies homo
sapiens im Zeitalter der künstlichen Intelligenz aus? Wie können wir wahrhaft Mensch bleiben und
den stattfindenden kulturellen Wandel zum Guten lenken?
Vom Herzen ausgehen
Zunächst einmal lohnt es sich, das Terrain von schwarzmalerischen Lesarten und ihren
lähmenden Auswirkungen zu räumen. Romano Guardini, der sich bereits vor hundert Jahren
Gedanken über die Technik und den Menschen machte, rief dazu auf, sich nicht gegen das
„Neue“ zu versteifen, in dem Bemühen, »eine schöne Welt zu bewahren […], die untergehen
muss«. Zugleich warnte er aber auch eindringlich und prophetisch: »Unser Platz ist im
Werdenden. Wir sollen uns hineinstellen, jeder an seinem Ort,[…] ehrlich unser Ja dazu sprechen;
doch zugleich mit unbestechlichem Herzen fühlend bleiben für alles, was darin zerstörend,
unmenschlich ist«. Und er schloss mit den Worten: »Wohl handelt es sich um technische,
wissenschaftliche, politische Aufgaben; die aber sind nur vom Menschen her zu lösen. Ein neues
Menschentum muss erwachen, von tieferer Geistigkeit, neuer Freiheit und Innerlichkeit« [1].
In diesem Zeitalter, das in der Gefahr steht, reich an Technik und arm an Menschlichkeit zu sein,
muss unser Nachdenken vom menschlichen Herzen ausgehen [2]. Nur wenn wir eine geistliche
Sichtweise einnehmen, nur wenn wir wieder eine Herzensweisheit erlangen, können wir die
Neuerungen unserer Zeit deuten und interpretieren und den Weg zu einer wahrhaft menschlichen
Kommunikation wiederentdecken. Das Herz, biblisch verstanden als Sitz der Freiheit und der
wichtigsten Lebensentscheidungen, ist ein Symbol der Ganzheit, der Einheit, aber es hat auch mit
Gefühlen, Wünschen und Träumen zu tun; vor allem ist es ein innerer Ort der Gottesbegegnung.
Die Herzensweisheit ist also jene Tugend, die es uns ermöglicht, das Ganze und die Teile, die
Entscheidungen und ihre Folgen, die Stärken und die Schwächen, die Vergangenheit und die
Zukunft, das Ich und das Wir miteinander zu verbinden.
Diese Weisheit des Herzens lässt sich von denen finden, die sie suchen, und sie lässt sich von
denen erblicken, die sie lieben; sie kommt denen zuvor, die nach ihr verlangen, und sie geht auf
die Suche nach denen, die ihrer würdig sind (vgl. Weish 6,12-16). Sie ist bei denen, die sich
beraten lassen (vgl. Spr 13,10), bei denen, die ein fügsames Herz, ein hörendes Herz haben (vgl.
1 Kön 3,9). Sie ist eine Gabe des Heiligen Geistes, die es ermöglicht, die Dinge mit den Augen
Gottes zu sehen, die Zusammenhänge, Situationen, Ereignisse zu verstehen und ihre Bedeutung
zu entdecken. Ohne diese Weisheit wird das Leben fade, denn es ist gerade die Weisheit – deren
lateinische Wortwurzel sapere sie mit sapor (Geschmack) verbindet – die dem Leben Geschmack
verleiht.
Chancen und Gefahren
Wir können diese Weisheit nicht von Maschinen erwarten. Auch wenn der Begriff künstliche
Intelligenz inzwischen den korrekteren, in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur verwendeten Begriff
maschinelles Lernen verdrängt hat, ist allein schon die Verwendung des Wortes „Intelligenz“
irreführend. Maschinen verfügen sicherlich über eine unermesslich größere Fähigkeit als der
Mensch, Daten zu speichern und sie untereinander in Beziehung zu setzen, aber es ist kommt
dem Menschen zu, und nur ihm, deren Sinn zu verstehen. Es geht also nicht darum von
Maschinen zu verlangen, menschlich zu wirken. Es geht vielmehr darum, den Menschen aus der
Hypnose zu wecken, in die er aufgrund seines Allmachtswahns verfällt, indem er sich für ein völlig
autonomes und selbstbezügliches Subjekt hält, das von allen sozialen Bindungen losgelöst ist und
seine Geschöpflichkeit vergessen hat.
In Wirklichkeit macht der Mensch seit jeher die Erfahrung, dass er sich selbst nicht genügt und er
versucht, seine Verwundbarkeit mit allen Mitteln zu überwinden. Bei den frühesten prähistorischen
Artefakten angefangen, die als Verlängerung der Arme benutzt wurden, über die Medien, die als
Erweiterung des Sprechens eingesetzt werden, sind wir heute bei den ausgefeiltesten Maschinen
2
angelangt, die als Hilfsmittel für das Denken dienen. Jede dieser Wirklichkeiten kann jedoch durch
die Urversuchung vergiftet werden, ohne Gott wie Gott zu werden (vgl. Gen 3), d.h. aus eigener
Kraft das erobern zu wollen, was eigentlich als Geschenk Gottes angenommen und in der
Beziehung zu anderen gelebt werden sollte.
Je nach Ausrichtung des Herzens wird alles, was sich in den Händen des Menschen befindet, zur
Chance oder zur Gefahr. Selbst sein Körper, der als Ort der Kommunikation und Gemeinschaft
geschaffen wurde, kann zu einem Mittel der Aggression werden. Ebenso kann jede technische
Erweiterung des Menschen ein Werkzeug liebevollen Dienstes oder feindlicher Beherrschung
sein. Die Systeme künstlicher Intelligenz können zur Befreiung von der Unwissenheit beitragen
und den Informationsaustausch zwischen verschiedenen Völkern und Generationen erleichtern.
Sie können zum Beispiel eine enorme Fülle von Wissen, das in vergangenen Zeiten
aufgeschrieben wurde, zugänglich und verständlich machen oder Menschen in ihnen unbekannten
Sprachen kommunizieren lassen. Aber sie können zugleich auch Instrument „kognitiver
Verschmutzung“ sein, einer Verzerrung der Wirklichkeit durch teilweise oder gänzlich falsche
Narrative, die dennoch geglaubt – und verbreitet – werden, als ob sie wahr wären. Es genügt, an
das Problem der Desinformation zu denken, mit der wir seit Jahren in Form von Fake News [3] zu
tun haben und die sich heute des Deep Fake bedient, d.h. der Erstellung und Verbreitung von
Bildern, die vollkommen echt wirken, aber falsch sind (auch ich war davon schon betroffen), oder
auch von Audiobotschaften, die die Stimme einer Person verwenden, um Dinge zu sagen, die
dieselbe niemals gesprochen hat. Die Simulation, die diesen Programmen zugrunde liegt, kann in
einigen speziellen Bereichen nützlich sein, aber sie wird dort abartig, wo sie die Beziehung zu den
anderen und zur Wirklichkeit verdreht.
Die erste Welle der künstlichen Intelligenz, die der sozialen Medien, haben wir bereits in ihrer
Ambivalenz verstanden, indem wir neben ihren Chancen auch ihre Risiken und Pathologien
hautnah erlebt haben. Die zweite Stufe generativer künstlicher Intelligenz markiert einen
unbestreitbaren qualitativen Sprung. Es ist daher wichtig, die Möglichkeit zu haben, die
Instrumente zu verstehen, zu begreifen und zu regulieren, die in den falschen Händen zu
negativen Szenarien führen können. Wie alles andere, das aus dem Geist und den Händen des
Menschen hervorgegangen ist, sind auch Algorithmen nicht neutral. Daher ist es notwendig,
präventiv zu handeln und Möglichkeiten für eine ethische Regulierung vorzuschlagen, um die
schädlichen und diskriminierenden oder sozial ungerechten Auswirkungen von Systemen
künstlicher Intelligenz einzudämmen und um zu verhindern, dass sie zur Verringerung von
Pluralismus, zur Polarisierung der öffentlichen Meinung oder zur Herausbildung eines
Einheitsdenkens eingesetzt werden. Ich erneuere daher meinen Appell und fordere »die
Völkergemeinschaft auf, gemeinsam daran zu arbeiten, einen verbindlichen internationalen
Vertrag zu schließen, der die Entwicklung und den Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz in ihren
vielfältigen Formen regelt« [4]. Doch wie in jedem Lebensbereich reicht eine Reglementierung
nicht aus.
3
In der Menschlichkeit wachsen
Wir sind aufgerufen, gemeinsam zu wachsen, in der Menschlichkeit und als Menschheit. Die
Herausforderung, vor der wir stehen, liegt darin, einen qualitativen Sprung zu machen, um einer
komplexen, multiethnischen, pluralistischen, multireligiösen und multikulturellen Gesellschaft
gerecht zu werden. Es ist unsere Aufgabe, uns über die theoretische Entwicklung und den
praktischen Gebrauch dieser neuen Instrumente der Kommunikation und der Erkenntnis
Gedanken zu machen. Große Chancen auf Gutes gehen mit dem Risiko einher, dass sich alles in
ein abstraktes Kalkül verwandelt, das die Menschen auf Daten reduziert, das Denken auf ein
Schema, die Erfahrung auf einen Einzelfall, das Gute auf den Profit und vor allem, dass am Ende
die Einzigartigkeit eines jeden Menschen und seiner Geschichte geleugnet wird und sich die
Konkretheit der Wirklichkeit in eine Reihe statistischer Daten auflöst.
Die digitale Revolution kann uns freier machen, aber sicher nicht, wenn sie uns in Modelle
einsperrt, die heute als Echokammern bekannt sind. In solchen Fällen besteht die Gefahr, sich in
einem anonymen Sumpf zu verlieren und die Interessen des Marktes oder der Macht zu bedienen,
statt den Informationspluralismus zu steigern. Es ist nicht hinnehmbar, dass der Gebrauch
künstlicher Intelligenz zu einem anonymen Denken, zu einer Zusammensetzung von
unbestätigten Daten und zu einer kollektiven redaktionellen Verantwortungslosigkeit führt. Die
Abbildung der Wirklichkeit in Big Data, so zweckmäßig sie für den Gebrauch von Maschinen auch
sein mag, impliziert nämlich einen erheblichen Verlust hinsichtlich der Wahrheit der Dinge, was die
zwischenmenschliche Kommunikation behindert und unsere Menschlichkeit selbst zu
beeinträchtigen droht. Information kann nicht von lebendiger Beziehung getrennt werden: Sie
umfasst den Körper, das Stehen in der Wirklichkeit; sie verlangt, nicht nur Daten, sondern auch
Erfahrungen miteinander in Beziehung zu setzen; sie erfordert das Gesicht, den Blick, das
Mitgefühl und den Austausch.
Ich denke an die Berichterstattung über Kriege und an jenen „Parallelkrieg“, der durch
Desinformationskampagnen geführt wird. Und ich denke daran, wie viele Reporter vor Ort verletzt
werden oder sterben, damit wir sehen können, was ihre Augen gesehen haben. Denn nur, wenn
wir das Leiden von Kindern, Frauen und Männern hautnah erleben, können wir die Absurdität von
Kriegen verstehen.
Die Nutzung künstlicher Intelligenz wird einen positiven Beitrag im Bereich der Kommunikation
leisten können, wenn sie die Rolle des Journalismus vor Ort nicht beseitigt, sondern ihn
unterstützt; wenn sie die Professionalität der Kommunikation zur Geltung kommen lässt und jeden
Kommunikator in die Verantwortung nimmt; wenn sie jedem Menschen wieder die Rolle eines
kritikfähigen Subjekts der Kommunikation zurückgibt.
Fragen für Heute und Morgen
4
Es stellen sich daher spontan einige Fragen: Wie können die Professionalität und die Würde der
Beschäftigten im Bereich der Kommunikation und Information sowie die der Nutzer weltweit
geschützt werden? Wie kann die Interoperabilität der Plattformen gewährleistet werden? Wie kann
sichergestellt werden, dass die Unternehmen, die digitale Plattformen entwickeln, ebenso
Verantwortung für das übernehmen, was sie verbreiten und wovon sie profitieren, wie die Anbieter
von traditionellen Medien? Wie können die Kriterien transparenter gemacht werden, die hinter den
Algorithmen zur Indizierung und De-Indizierung sowie für Suchmaschinen stehen, welche in der
Lage sind, Menschen und Meinungen, Geschichten und Kulturen zu verherrlichen oder
auszulöschen? Wie lässt sich die Transparenz von Informationsprozessen gewährleisten? Wie
kann man die Urheberschaft von Schriften ersichtlich und die Quellen nachvollziehbar machen,
um einen Schirm der Anonymität zu verhindern? Wie kann offenkundig werden, ob ein Bild oder
ein Video ein Ereignis abbildet oder es simuliert? Wie kann man vermeiden, dass sich Quellen auf
eine einzige reduzieren, auf ein einziges, algorithmisch erzeugtes Denken? Und wie kann
stattdessen ein Umfeld gefördert werden, das geeignet ist, den Pluralismus zu wahren und die
Komplexität der Wirklichkeit darzustellen? Wie können wir dieses leistungsstarke, teure und
extrem energieintensive Instrument nachhaltig werden lassen? Wie können wir es auch für
Entwicklungsländer zugänglich machen?
Anhand der Antworten auf diese und andere Fragen werden wir verstehen, ob künstliche
Intelligenz am Ende neue, auf Informationsdominanz basierende Kasten hervorbringen wird und
neue Formen der Ausbeutung und Ungleichheit schafft oder ob sie im Gegenteil mehr Gleichheit
mit sich bringt, indem sie korrekte Information und ein größeres Bewusstsein für den
Zeitenwandel, den wir durchlaufen, fördert sowie das Hören auf die vielfältigen Bedürfnisse von
Menschen und Völkern in einem artikulierten und pluralistischen Informationssystem begünstigt.
Auf der einen Seite zeichnet sich das Gespenst einer neuen Sklaverei ab, auf der anderen Seite
ein Zugewinn an Freiheit; einerseits die Möglichkeit, dass einige wenige das Denken aller
bestimmen, andererseits die Chance, dass alle an der Entwicklung des Denkens mitwirken.
Die Antwort steht nicht fest, sie hängt von uns ab. Es liegt am Menschen zu entscheiden, ob er
zum Futter für Algorithmen wird oder ob er sein Herz mit Freiheit nährt, das Herz, ohne das wir
nicht in der Weisheit wachsen können. Diese Weisheit reift, indem man aus der Geschichte lernt
und die Verletzlichkeit akzeptiert. Sie wächst im Bündnis der Generationen, zwischen denen, die
sich an das Vergangene erinnern und denen, die Zukunftsvisionen hegen. Nur in Gemeinschaft
wächst die Fähigkeit, zu unterscheiden, wachsam zu sein und die Dinge von ihrer Erfüllung her zu
sehen. Lasst uns – damit wir unsere Menschlichkeit nicht verlieren – die Weisheit suchen, die
früher als alles erschaffen wurde (vgl. Sir 1,4), die Gottesfreunde und Propheten schafft, indem sie
in reine Seelen eintritt (vgl. Weish 7,27): Sie wird uns helfen, auch die Systeme künstlicher
Intelligenz auf eine wahrhaft menschliche Kommunikation hin auszurichten.
Rom, Sankt Johannes im Lateran, 24. Januar